Thanaka is a natural paste that has been part of Myanmar’s identity for centuries. Derived from the bark of the Limonia acidissima tree, thanaka symbolizes beauty, tradition, and practicality. Cherished for its cooling effect, skincare benefits, and deep cultural significance, it unites generations and people from all across Myanmar.

What is Thanaka?

Thanaka is a paste made from the bark, roots, or wood of the Limonia acidissima tree, native to Myanmar and Southeast Asia. This yellow paste is typically applied to the face and arms in the form of unique patterns or simple layers. While traditionally used by women and children, it is increasingly being embraced by men.

How is Thanaka Made?

The preparation of thanaka has remained unchanged for centuries. The bark is ground with water on a smooth stone slab known as a kyauk pyin, creating a thick golden paste with a soothing texture. This is then applied to the skin, leaving a cooling sensation and faint fragrance. Brushes or tools like bottle caps are sometimes used to create intricate designs, especially for children.

Cultural Significance of Thanaka

Thanaka represents Burmese identity and has been cherished across generations and social classes. Women value it for its cooling and skin-protecting properties, often applying it to enhance their skin. Historically, thanaka has been linked to beauty and femininity. Ancient poems and royal artifacts celebrate its use, comparing its golden glow to moonlight. Its origins trace back to the Pyu Kingdoms from over 2,000 years ago.

In 2020, Myanmar applied for thanaka to be added to UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage list, acknowledging its importance as a symbol of the nation’s heritage and cultural pride.

Skin Benefits of Thanaka

Thanaka is well known for its skin benefits, some of which are:

1. Natural Sun Protection

Thanaka acts as a natural sunscreen, shielding the skin from harmful UV rays.

2. Cooling Effect

Thanaka soothes the skin, making it ideal for Myanmar’s hot climate.

3. Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties

Thanaka help reduce acne and promote smooth, healthy skin

4. Oil Control

Thanaka helps tighten pores and regulate oil production.

The active and natural ingredient in Thanaka, marmesin, is key to its sun-protective property, making it safe for users and the environment.

The Thanaka Tree and Its Cultivation

The thanaka tree, scientifically known as Limonia acidissima, grows in Myanmar’s dry zones, primarily in Sagaing, Magway, and Mandalay. It thrives in arid soil and takes 3–7 years to mature for harvesting. As demand grows, cultivation has expanded alongside crops like sesame and beans.

Modern Adaptations and Exports
While traditional grinding remains popular, modern products like thanaka creams and powders have emerged. These innovations enable exports, connecting the Burmese diaspora with their heritage. However, concerns about the purity of processed thanaka have led many to prefer organic options, valued for their authenticity and quality.

A Unique Tradition

Thanaka sets Myanmar apart from its neighboring Southeast Asian countries. While the tree’s bark, leaves, and roots are used differently across South and Southeast Asia, the Burmese are the only people who wear thanaka as a daily skincare practice.

Thanaka in Daily Life

In rural areas, farmers and laborers apply thick layers of thanaka to protect their skin during long hours under the sun. In urban areas, on the other hand, people use it as part of their daily beauty, often mixing tradition with modernity.

Thanaka goes beyond its practical uses—it is part of Myanmar’s rich culture and traditions. Whether used by farmers under the sun or city dwellers as part of their beauty routine, it remains a cherished part of daily life. Passed down through generations, thanaka continues to reflect the pride and identity of Myanmar.

Catherine @ Eaint Myint Mo Kyaw
ISM, Myanmar

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Bibliography

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“THANAKA – THE SECRET TO BURMESE BEAUTY.” Heritage Line, 30 May 2024, heritage-line.com/magazine/thanaka-the-secret-to-burmese-beauty/.